The following table shows all the cmavo belonging to selma'o BAI, and has seven columns. The first column is the cmavo itself; the second column is the gismu linked to it. The third column gives an English phrase which indicates the meaning of the cmavo; the fourth column indicates its meaning when preceded by se .
For those cmavo with meaningful te , ve , and even xe conversions (depending on the number of places of the underlying gismu), the meanings of these are shown in the next columns.
It should be emphasized that the place structures of the gismu control the meanings of the BAI cmavo. The English phrases shown here are only suggestive, and are often too broad or too narrow to correctly specify what the acceptable range of uses for the modal tag are.
ba'i |
basti |
replaced by |
instead of |
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bai |
bapli |
compelled by |
compelling |
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bau |
bangu |
in language |
in language of |
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be'i |
benji |
sent by |
transmitting |
sent to |
with transmit origin |
transmitted via |
ca'i |
catni |
by authority of |
with authority over |
|||
cau |
claxu |
lacked by |
without |
|||
ci'e |
ciste |
in system |
with system function |
of system components |
||
ci'o |
cinmo |
felt by |
feeling emotion |
|||
ci'u |
ckilu |
on the scale |
on scale measuring |
|||
cu'u |
cusku |
as said by |
expressing |
as told to |
expressed in medium |
|
de'i |
detri |
dated |
on the same date as |
|||
di'o |
diklo |
at the locus of |
at specific locus |
|||
----- |
vaguely related to |
|||||
du'i |
dunli |
as much as |
equal to |
|||
du'o |
djuno |
according to |
knowing facts |
knowing about |
under epistemology |
|
fa'e |
fatne |
reverse of |
in reversal of |
|||
in the event of |
||||||
fi'e |
finti |
created by |
creating work |
created for purpose |
||
ga'a |
zgana |
to observer |
observing |
observed by means |
observed under conditions |
|
gau |
gasnu |
with agent |
as agent in doing |
|||
ja'e |
jalge |
resulting in |
results because of |
|||
ja'i |
javni |
by rule |
by rule prescribing |
|||
ji'e |
jimte |
up to limit |
as a limit of |
|||
ji'o |
jitro |
under direction |
controlling |
|||
ji'u |
jicmu |
based on |
supporting |
|||
ka'a |
klama |
gone to by |
with destination |
with origin |
via route |
by transport mode |
ka'i |
krati |
represented by |
on behalf of |
|||
kai |
ckaji |
characterizing |
with property |
|||
ki'i |
ckini |
as relation of |
related to |
with relation |
||
ki'u |
krinu |
justified by |
with justified result |
|||
koi |
korbi |
bounded by |
as boundary of |
bordering |
||
ku'u |
kulnu |
in culture |
in culture of |
|||
la'u |
klani |
as quantity of |
in quantity |
|||
le'a |
klesi |
in category |
as category of |
defined by quality |
||
li'e |
lidne |
led by |
leading |
|||
ma'e |
marji |
of material |
made from material |
in material form of |
||
ma'i |
manri |
in reference frame |
as a standard of |
|||
mau |
zmadu |
exceeded by |
more than |
|||
me'a |
mleca |
undercut by |
less than |
|||
me'e |
cmene |
with name |
as a name for |
|||
mu'i |
mukti |
motivated by |
motive therefore |
|||
mu'u |
mupli |
exemplified by |
as an example of |
|||
ni'i |
nibli |
entailed by |
entails |
|||
pa'a |
panra |
in addition to |
similar to |
similar in pattern |
similar by standard |
|
pa'u |
pagbu |
with component |
as a part of |
|||
pi'o |
pilno |
used by |
using tool |
|||
po'i |
porsi |
in the sequence |
sequenced by rule |
|||
pu'a |
pluka |
pleased by |
in order to please |
|||
pu'e |
pruce |
by process |
processing from |
processing into |
passing through stages |
|
pertained to by |
concerning |
|||||
from source |
as an origin of |
|||||
rai |
traji |
with superlative |
superlative in |
at extreme |
superlative among |
|
ri'a |
rinka |
caused by |
causing |
|||
ri'i |
lifri |
experienced by |
experiencing |
|||
sau |
sarcu |
requiring |
necessarily for |
necessarily under conditions |
||
si'u |
sidju |
aided by |
assisting in |
|||
ta'i |
tadji |
by method |
as a method for |
|||
tai |
tamsmi |
as a form of |
in form |
in form similar to |
||
ti'i |
stidi |
suggested by |
suggesting |
suggested to |
||
ti'u |
tcika |
with time |
at the time of |
|||
tu'i |
stuzi |
with site |
as location of |
|||
va'o |
vanbi |
under conditions |
as conditions for |
|||
va'u |
xamgu |
benefiting from |
with beneficiary |
|||
zau |
zanru |
approved by |
approving |
|||
zu'e |
zukte |
with actor |
with means to goal |
with goal |
The lujvo tamsmi on which tai is based is derived from the tanru tarmi simsa and has the place structure:
tamsmi x1 has form x2, similar in form to x3 in property/quality x4
This lujvo is employed because tarmi does not have a place structure useful for the modal's purpose.