All definitions in this glossary are brief and unofficial. Only the published dictionary is a truly official reference for word definitions. These definitions are here simply as a quick reference.
logical connective: sumti afterthought or.
letteral for a.
attitudinal: alertness - exhaustion.
attitudinal: hope - despair.
attitudinal: interest - disinterest - repulsion.
attitudinal: intent - indecision - rejection/refusal.
attitudinal: intent - indecision - rejection/refusal.
attitudinal: desire - indifference - reluctance.
time tense relation/direction: will [selbri]; after [sumti]; default future tense.
mi ba bevri — I will bring it.
le'e snuti ba fasnu — Accidents will happen.
mi pu na ku kufra ba le nu ra cinba mi — I felt uncomfortable after she kissed me.
x1 is sad/depressed/dejected/[unhappy/feels sorrow/grief] about x2 (abstraction).
evidential: I expect - I experience - I remember.
evidential: I expect - I experience - I remember.
evidential: I expect - I experience - I remember.
forethought emphasis indicator; indicates next word is especially emphasized.
mi djuno le du'u ma kau darxi ba'e la .alis. — I know who hit Alice specifically.
vajni ba'e mi — It's important to me (!)
interval event contour: in the aftermath of ...; since ...; retrospective/perfect | |----.
bapli modal, 1st place (forced by) forcedly; compelled by force ...
x1 runs on surface x2 using limbs x3 with gait x4.
p1=r1 is a steak/beefsteak (flat cut of beef) from cow/cattle/kine/ox p2=r2=b1.
x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of chalk from source x2 in form x3.
after that, in future
s1=b1 is a great soldier of army s2 great in property b2 (ka) by standard b3.
x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former.
x1 is an amphibian of species/breed x2.
x1 is a/the language/dialect used by x2 to express/communicate x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote).
xu do se bangu la .lojban. — Do you speak Lojban?
ra tavla fo le bangu be fi le mabla — He used foul language.
x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3.
x1 (object) suffices/is enough/sufficient for purpose x2 under conditions x3.
time tense: will have been; (tense/modal).
x1 is big/large in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3.
x1 is on the outside of x2; x1 is exterior to x2.
x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute.
g1 (agent) replaces/substitutes b1 for/instead of b2 in circumstance b3.
x1 bites/pinches x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4.
bangu modal, 1st place in language ...
b1=l1 is next after b2=l2 in sequence l3.
d1=b1=l1 is tomorrow; d1=b1=l1 is the day following b2=l2, day standard d3.
x1 reflects Malay-Indonesian common language/culture in aspect x2.
soon ...
soon
in a long time ..
sumti link to attach sumti (default x2) to a selbri; used in descriptions.
le tixnu be mi cu melbi — My daughter is pretty.
x1 is foolish/silly in event/action/property [folly] (ka) x2; x1 is a boob.
location tense relation/direction; north of.
elidable terminator: end linked sumti in specified description.
attitudinal modifier: lack/need - presence/satisfaction - satiation.
separates multiple linked sumti within a selbri; used in descriptions.
x1 reflects North American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2.
x1 reflects Bengali/Bangladesh culture/nationality/language in aspect x2.
j1 is the latitude/declination of j2 in system j3.
x1 is a son of mother/father/parents x2 [not necessarily biological].
x1 is to the north/northern side [right-hand-rule pole] of x2 according to frame of reference x3.
prefixed to a mex operator to indicate high priority.
non-logical interval connective: unordered between ... and ...
non-logical interval connective: ordered from ... to ...
discursive: newly introduced information - previously introduced information.
discursive: newly introduced information - previously introduced information.
x1 is bound/obliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 must do x2.
x1 is ill/sick/diseased with symptoms x2 from disease x3.
x1 reflects Indonesian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2.
x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength].
x1 is a wall/fence separating x2 and x3 (unordered) of/in structure x4.
x1 is white/very-light colored [color adjective].
x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains glass of composition including x2.
x1 is an eye of x2 and has a blue iris
x1 is blue [color adjective].
c1 is blue-green.
x1 has blue eyes
k1 is a ship type/class within ships b1=k2, with features k3.
x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3.
short scope joiner; joins various constructs with shortest scope and right grouping.
elidable terminator: terminate numeral or letteral string.
x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4.
x1 is an enemy/opponent/adversary/foe of x2 in struggle x3.
x1 reflects Brazilian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2.
x1 is ready/prepared for x2 (event).
x1 (du'u) is a predicate relationship with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3.
x1 is a breeze/wind/gale from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 blows from x2.
x1 reflects British/United Kingdom culture/nationality in aspect x2.
v1 is a morphologically defined predicate word signifying relation b2 in language v3.
1st assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure).
2nd assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure).
3rd assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure).
4th assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure).
5th assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure).
convert any single word to BY.
x1 pertains to the Buddhist culture/religion/ethos in aspect x2.
logically quantified predicate variable: some selbri 1.
logically quantified predicate variable: some selbri 2.
logically quantified predicate variable: some selbri 3.
attitudinal contour: start emotion - continue emotion - end emotion.
attitudinal contour: start emotion - continue emotion - end emotion.
attitudinal contour: start emotion - continue emotion - end emotion.
location tense relation/direction; coincident with/at the same place as; space equivalent of ca.
letteral for b.
letteral for BB
time tense relation/direction: is [selbri]; during/simultaneous with [sumti]; present tense.
lei rirni pu zvati le barja .i ca bo lei verba cu kansa no da bu'u le zdani — The parents were in the bar; meanwhile the children were alone at home.
ko smaji ca le nu mi tavla — Be quite while I'm talking.
ca le nu do steba le nu do kansa no da zo'u ko morji le se gleki be mi'o mokca — When you feel frustrated about being lonely, remember the happy moments we had together.
mi pu prami do .i mi ca prami do .i mi ba prami do — I loved you. I love you. I will love you.
d1=c1 is today; d1=c1 is the day occuring at the same time as c2, day standard d3.
x1 is current at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time.
x1 walks/strides/paces on surface x2 using limbs x3.
x1 (event) often/frequently/commonly/customarily occurs/recurs by standard x2.
x1 is a farming community with members x2.
modal aspect: actuality/ongoing event.
evidential: I define.
interval event contour: during ...; continuative |-----|.
attitudinal: strong intensity attitude modifier.
x1 is a beetle of species x2.
Now. At the present time.
x1 is a shell/husk [hard, protective covering] around x2 composed of x3.
x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3.
x1 is a window/portal/opening [portal] in wall/building/structure x2.
x1 is space/volume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2.
x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3.
x1 turns about vector x2 towards direction x3, turning angular distance / to face point x4
x1 is a chart/diagram/map of/about x2 showing formation/data-points x3.
x1 rains/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain'].
x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about topic/subject x2.
x1 looks at/examines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2.
non-logical connective: set link, unordered; "and also", but forming a set.
x1 is an era/epoch/age characterized by x2 (event/property/interval/idea).
2-word letteral/shift: the word following indicates a new font (e.g. italics, manuscript).
links terms into an afterthought termset.
digit/number: % percentage symbol, hundredths.
non-logical connective: ordered sequence link; "and then", forming a sequence.
pseudo-quantifier binding a variable within an abstraction that represents an open place.
la .alis. la .an. cu zmadu le ka mi nelci ce'u — I like Alice more than Ann.
selbri variable assignment; assigns broda series pro-bridi to a selbri.
x1 is holy/sacred to person/people/culture/religion/cult/group x2.
x1 is a hundredth [1/100; 10-2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
x1 is a morning [dawn until after typical start-of-work for locale] of day x2 at location x3.
x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3.
digit/number: 3 (digit) [three].
x1 is blood/vital fluid of organism x2.
x1 is food/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/gives nutrition to x2.
x1 is a quantity of spaghetti (long, thin cylindrical pasta)
x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3.
j1 is a writing desk of material j2, supported by legs/base/pedestal j3, used by writer c1.
ciste modal, 1st place used in scalar negation in system/context ...
ckilu modal, 1st place on the scale ...
(adjective:) x1 is awake/alert/conscious.
(adjective:) x1 is wild/untamed.
x1 learns x2 (du'u) about subject x3 from source x4 (obj./event) by method x5 (event/process).
quantified selbri: convert 3 to ordinal selbri; x1 is third among x2 ordered by rule x3.
x1 is a lion/[lioness] of species/breed x2.
x1 is an insect/arthropod of species x2; [bug/beetle].
x1 is thin in direction/dimension x2 by standard x3; [relatively short in smallest dimension].
x1 is a bird/avian/fowl of species x2.
x1 is an owl of species x2
x1 is a quantity of/contains cheese/curd from source x2.
x1 inscribes/writes x2 on display/storage medium x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a scribe.
x1 (mass) is a system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set) displaying x4 (ka).
x1 eats/ingests/consumes (transitive verb) x2.
mi mo'u citka le pa badna .e le re plise — I've eaten a banana and two apples.
z1=c1 is younger than z2 by amount z4.
x1 is young/youthful [relatively short in elapsed duration] by standard x2.
x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka).
le valsi cu cizra mi le ka se smuni ma kau — The word is strange to me in meaning.
cizra fa le nu la .tom. na zvati — It's strange that Tom is not present.
x1 has/is characterized by property/feature/trait/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manifest in x1.
x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3.
x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audien./commun. x4 operated by x5.
x1 is a long knife
x1=d1=c1 is a sword / long knife weapon for use against x2=d2 by x3 with blade of material d3 long by standard c3.
x1 is loud/noisy at observation point x2 by standard x3.
x1 is long in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3.
x1 (event) is early by standard x2.
x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3.
x1 is a mathematics of type/describing x2.
c1 is tiny/miniature/diminutive/very small in property c2 with criterion c3.
x1 is small in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3.
x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from land mass x2.
c1=r1 is a small rock of type r2 from location r3, small by standard c3. c1 is gravel.
x1 is a structure word of grammatical class x2, with meaning/function x3 in usage (language) x4.
x1 (quoted word(s)) is a/the name/title/tag of x2 to/used-by namer/name-user x3 (person).
ma cmene do — What is your name?
mi se cmene zo .bab. — My name is Bob.
le bruna be mi mi te cmene zo ractu — My brother calls me "Rabbit"
le kamni pu xusra le du'u le prenu pu zukte no le se cmene be lu na'e drani li'u bei le kamni — The committee asserted that the person had done nothing "incorrect" (quoting the committee's words).
x1 is a morphologically defined name word meaning x2 in language x3.
x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group x2.
x1 is a/the neck [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: a relatively narrow point].
x1 is directly/vertically beneath/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3.
tanru inversion operator; "... of type ..."; allows modifier trailing sumti without sumti links.
interval event contour: at the starting point of ...; initiative >|< |.
pu co'a ru'i carvi — It started raining.
le plise co'a fusra — The apple has begun to decay.
co'a pelxu — It's turning yellow.
do pu co'a lazni — You became lazy.
elliptical/unspecified bridi relationship.
mu'i ma do co'e mi — Why are you doing this to me?
za'o co'e — It's going on for too long.
.ei do troci le ka co'e bu'u lo drata — You should try it somewhere else.
interval event contour: at the instantaneous point of ...; achievative/perfective; point event >|<.
vocative: partings/good-bye.
co'o le tumla pe mi — Goodbye, my land!
co'o ro do — Goodbye to all of you!
interval event contour: at the ending point of ... even if not done; cessative | >< |.
vocative: greetings/hello.
coi le munje — Hello, world!
coi ro do — Hello, everyone!
vocative: greetings in passing.
x1 is deep in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4.
x1 is upon/atop/resting on/lying on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/gravity x3.
l1=m1 is a tractor pulling l2.
x1 is anterior/ahead/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3.
x1 (agent) harvests/reaps/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/area x3.
x1 is a bear/ursoid of species/breed x2.
x1 is green/verdant [color adjective].
g1 feeds c1 with food c2.
x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event).
elidable marker: separates selbri from preceding sumti, allows preceding terminator elision.
lei rirni cu zvati ti ca — The parents are here now.
tense/modal question.
attitudinal: neutral scalar attitude modifier.
convert number to probability selbri; event x1 has probability (n) of occurring under cond. x2.
cusku modal, 1st place (attribution/quotation) as said by source ...; used for quotation.
x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5.
x1 is full/completely filled with x2.
x1 (event/state/property) is possible under conditions x2; x1 may/might occur; x1 is a maybe.
cumki fa le nu la .alis. ba jai lerci — It's possible that Alice will be late.
x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3.
x1 produces x2 [product] by process x3.
x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2.
x1 (agent) expresses/says x2 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) for audience x3 via expressive medium x4.
ba ku mi cusku fi ra fe lu do mutce le ka xendo li'u — And then I said to her: "You are very kind."
do pu cusku le se du'u do ba gasnu le katna be le nanba — You said that you would cut the bread.
x1 is a shoe/boot/sandal for covering/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3.
x1 chooses/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set).
letteral for c.
logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something 1 (usually restricted).
mi se bruna da — I have a brother.
x1 is a rack used to hang x2.
x1 pertains to the Taoist culture/ethos/religion in aspect x2.
s1=d1 is a pendulum oscillating at rate/frequency s2, suspended from d2 by/at/with joint d3.
digit/number: all except n; all but n; default 1.
pro-sumti: remote future utterance; "He'll tell you tomorrow. IT will be a doozy.".
discursive: supposing - in fact.
da'i mi ricfu — I could be rich.
da'i nai mi se zdani le daplu — I do live on an island.
discursive: supposing - in fact.
discursive: cancel pro-sumti/pro-bridi assignments.
pro-sumti: a remote past utterance; "She couldn't have known that IT would be true.".
attitudinal modifier: marks empathetic use of preceding attitudinal; shows another's feelings.
x1 is a knife (tool) for cutting x2, with blade of material x3.
m1 is a doctor for animal m2=d1 of species d2 for ailment m3 using treatment m4.
x1 hangs/dangles/is suspended from x2 by/at/with joint x3.
x1 is an animal/creature of species x2; x1 is biologically animate.
x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka).
t1 is a telescope for seeing v2=d1 which is far from d2.
x1 is a pocket/pouch of/in garment/item x2.
x1 wears/is robed/garbed in x2 as a garment of type x3.
logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something 2 (usually restricted).
x1 is a tenth [1/10; 10-1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
x1 is a/the finger/digit/toe [body-part] on limb/body site x2 of body x3; [metaphor: peninsula].
g1 is g2 inch/inches (length unit).
event contour for a temporary halt and ensuing pause in a process.
pro-sumti: a near future utterance.
detri modal, 1st place (for letters) dated ... ; attaches date stamp.
pro-sumti: a recent utterance.
pro-sumti: this utterance.
x1 owes x2 in debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor.
x1 is ten [10; 101 ] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
x1 is x2 candela [metric unit] in luminosity (default is 1) by standard x3.
x1 is a/the tooth [body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is dental.
x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process).
x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of dirt/soil/earth/ground from source x2 of composition x3.
x1 is a heap/pile/stack/mound/hill of materials x2 at location x3.
logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something 3 (usually restricted).
event contour for resumption of a paused process.
pro-sumti: the next utterance.
tense interval modifier: regularly; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense.
tense interval modifier: irregularly/aperiodically; tense/modal; defaults as time tense.
pro-sumti: the last utterance.
x1 is a building/edifice for purpose x2.
x1 is dear/precious/darling to x2; x1 is emotionally valued by x2.
x1 radiates/emits x2 under conditions x3.
x1 is low/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3.
x1 is x2 full days in duration (default is 1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal.
x1 desires/wants/wishes x2 (event/state) for purpose x3.
mi djica le nu mi cusku le xajmi vau le nu do cisma — I want to tell something funny to make you smile.
mi djica tu'a le plise — I want the apples.
mi djica le nu do smadi — I want you to guess.
x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diam. x3, outside diam. x4.
x1 knows fact(s) x2 (du'u) about subject x3 by epistemology x4.
mi djuno le du'u mi zasti vau fo le du'u mi pensi — I know that I exist since I think.
pro-sumti: you listener(s); identified by vocative.
xu do djica le nu mi sidju do — Do you want me to help you?
discursive: generously - parsimoniously.
discursive: generously - parsimoniously.
elliptical/unspecified modal.
pro-sumti: elliptical/unspecified utterance variable.
pro-sumti: you the listener & others unspecified.
elidable terminator: end vocative (often elidable).
generic vocative marker; identifies intended listener; elidable after COI.
doi le nobli do co'u morji fi le ckiku pe do — Oh, sir! You forgot your keys.
c1 is a second person pronoun in language c4.
x1 is the daytime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal (vs. nocturnal).
x1 talks to you (i.e. whoever x1 is addressing) about x2 in language x3
x1 reflects German/Germanic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2.
x1 is correct/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4.
x1 isn't the-same-thing-as/is different-from/other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is something else.
x1 is a roof/top/ceiling/lid of x2.
identity selbri; = sign; x1 identically equals x2, x3, etc.; attached sumti refer to same thing.
x1 is greater than or equal to x2.
x1 is less than or equal to x2
digit/number: too many; subjective.
dunli modal, 1st place (equalled by) equally; as much as ...
abstractor: predication/bridi abstractor; x1 is predication [bridi] expressed in sentence x2.
mi djuno le du'u do na fuzme — I know that you are not responsible.
x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange].
x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3.
letteral for d.
x1 reflects Antarctican culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2.
c1=k1 walks to k2 from k3 via route k4 using limbs k5=c3 on surface c2
logical connective: sumti afterthought and.
letteral for e.
attitudinal: granting permission - prohibiting.
attitudinal: competence - incompetence/inability.
attitudinal: request - negative request.
attitudinal: suggestion - abandon suggest - warning.
attitudinal: obligation - freedom.
sumti place tag: tag 1st sumti place.
fe zo coi cusku fa mi — Hello, said I.
fe ma fa mi zukte .ei — What should I do?
sarcu fa le nu do zvati — It's required that you are present.
x1 discovers/finds out x2 (du'u) about subject/object x3; x1 finds (fi) x3 (object).
x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set).
x1 is a fire/flame in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen).
x1=fe1 is the ashes of x3=fa2, combusted by fire x2=fa1.
location tense relation/direction; arriving at/directly towards ...
unconditional end of text; outside regular grammar; used for computer input.
non-logical connective: respectively; unmixed ordered distributed association.
sumti place tag: tag a sumti moved out of numbered place structure; used in modal conversions.
x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness].
x1 (event) annoys/irritates/bothers/distracts x2.
x1 falls/drops to x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4.
x1 (event) is an event that happens/occurs/takes place; x1 is an incident/happening/occurrence.
fasnu modal, 1st place (non-causal) in the event of ...
sumti place tag: tag 2nd sumti place.
binary mathematical operator: nth root of; inverse power [a to the 1/b power].
mark space interval distributive aspects; labels interval tense modifiers as location-oriented.
vocative: over and out (end discussion).
elidable terminator: end nonce conversion of selbri to modal; usually elidable.
x1 is 10-15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
x1 is fertile/conducive for supporting the growth/development of x2; x1 is fruitful/prolific.
x1(s) is/are waste product(s) [left to waste] by x2 (event/activity).
sumti place tag: tag 3rd sumti place.
mi dunda fe tu'a ti fi do — I give this to you.
mi co'i klama fi le tsani — I came from the sky.
sumti place tag: place structure number/tag question.
finti modal, 1st place (creator) created by ...
vocative: hospitality - inhospitality; you are welcome/ make yourself at home.
convert selbri to nonce modal/sumti tag.
digit/number: fraction slash; default "/n" => 1/n, "n/" => n/1, or "/" alone => golden ratio.
x1 reflects Palestinian culture/nationality in aspect x2.
x1 is a fish of species x2 [metaphorical extension to sharks, non-fish aquatic vertebrates].
x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4.
mi pu finti le lisri le ka zdile le verba vau le se lifri be mi — I created a story out of my real experience to amuse the child.
g1 is a mask covering the face of g2=f2.
x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5.
x1 is a plum of variety x2.
x1 is a current/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/towards x3 from direction/source x4.
sumti place tag: tag 4th sumti place.
pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #6 (specified by goi).
pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #7 (specified by goi).
pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #8 (specified by goi).
pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #9 (specified by goi).
pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #10 (specified by goi).
terminator: end composite lerfu; never elidable.
x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2.
x1 reflects French/Gallic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2.
x1 reflects African culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2.
x1 is a fraction, with numerator x2, denominator x3 (x2/x3).
sumti place tag: tag 5th sumti place.
reverse Polish mathematical expression (mex) operator flag.
begin indicator long scope.
attitudinal modifier: easy - difficult.
x1=v1=f1 is a loanword meaning x2=v2 in language x3=v3, based on word x4=f2 in language x5.
end indicator long scope; terminates scope of all active indicators.
letteral for f.
logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal or (with gi).
x1 is an article/descriptor labelling description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4.
upper-case letteral shift.
attitudinal modifier/honorific: hauteur - equal rank - meekness; used with one of lower rank.
attitudinal modifier/honorific: hauteur - equal rank - meekness; used with one of equal rank.
attitudinal modifier/honorific: hauteur - equal rank - meekness; used with one of higher rank.
closed interval bracket marker; mod. intervals in non-logical connectives; include boundaries.
location tense relation/direction; upwards/up from ...
x1 (event) modifies/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3.
x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3.
logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal conditional/only if (with gi).
x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3 (something being blocked).
x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus x2 (object/nu) by means x3 under conditions x4.
x1 is directly/vertically above/upwards-from x2 in gravity/frame of reference x3.
k1=g3 is a/are the whisker(s)/sensory hair(s) /vibrissa(e) attached to k2=g1 at body part k3 for the detection of stimuli g2 under conditions g4.
x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2.
gasnu modal, 1st place agent/actor case tag with active agent ...
logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal and (with gi).
mathematical operator: null mathematical expression (mex) operator (used in >2-ary ops).
attitudinal: elliptical/unspecified/non-specific emotion; no particular feeling.
logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal connective question (with gi).
shift letterals to Greek alphabet.
elidable terminator: end GOI relative phrases; usually elidable in non-complex phrases.
trinary mathematical operator: order of magnitude/value/base; [b * (c to the a power)].
x1 is happier than x2 about x3 by amount x4
x1 reflects Argentinian culture/nationality in aspect x2.
x1 is a hook/crook [shape/form] of material x2.
x1 is a dog/canine/[bitch] of species/breed x2.
z1 is a doghouse for dog z2=g1.
logical connective: all but tanru-internal forethought connective medial marker.
ge do gi mi nelci le'e perli — Both you and I like pears.
x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event).
x1 is a billion [British milliard] [109] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought or.
logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought and.
.ai mi lumci le kumfa gi'e jukpa le nanba — I'm going to clean the room and cook bread.
logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought conn question.
logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if.
logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought whether-or-not.
x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4.
x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) x4.
x1 is hot/[warm] by standard x2.
x1 is happy/merry/glad/gleeful about x2 (event/state).
mi gleki le nu do jinga — I am happy that you won.
x1 is English/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect x2.
logical connective: forethought all but tanru internal biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if(with gi).
x1 is 10-24 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
pro-bridi: repeats a recent bridi (usually not the last 2).
pro-bridi: repeats the next to last bridi.
pro-bridi: preceding bridi; in answer to a yes/no question, repeats the claim, meaning yes.
.au mi penmi do .i xu le nu go'i cu cumki — I'd like to meet you. Is this possible?
pro-bridi: repeats a future bridi, normally the next one.
pro-bridi: repeats a remote past bridi.
sumti assignment; used to define/assign ko'a/fo'a series pro-sumti; Latin 'sive'.
x1 is 1024 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
x1 is a rod/pole/staff/stick/cane [shape/form] of material x2.
x1 is a pineapple of species/variety x2.
logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal whether-or-not (with gi).
x1 is the country of peoples x2 with land/territory x3; (people/territory relationship).
logical connective: tanru-internal forethought or (with gi).
logical connective: tanru-internal forethought and (with gi).
logical connective: tanru-internal forethought question (with gi).
logical connective: tanru-internal forethought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if (with gi).
logical connective: tanru-internal forethought whether-or-not (with gi).
x1 is industry/industrial/systematic manufacturing activity producing x2 by process/means x3.
x1 is a goose/[gander] of species/breed x2.
x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3.
letteral for g.
sentence link/continuation; continuing sentences on same topic; normally elided for new speakers.
attitudinal: belief - skepticism - disbelief.
attitudinal: belief - skepticism - disbelief.
And after that ...
And after a while after that ...
And soon after that ...
letteral for i.
And at the same time ...
attitudinal: agreement - disagreement.
attitudinal: agreement - disagreement.
attitudinal: "I fully agree"
attitudinal: acceptance - blame.
attitudinal: approval - non-approval - disapproval.
attitudinal: togetherness - privacy.
attitudinal: fear - security.
attitudinal: "Eek!"; utmost fear
logical connective: sentence afterthought or.
And as the result ...
logical connective: sentence afterthought and.
And it's true or happens because of the reason ...
And it is logically because of ...
attitudinal: respect - disrespect.
whether or not that is tor happens rue it's true or happens that ...
And because of that reasonit's true or happens that ...
And that is the motive for the event ...
attitudinal: love - no love lost - hatred.
logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought or.
bridi logical affirmer; scope is an entire bridi.
jalge modal, 1st place resultingly; therefore result ...
evidential: I conclude.
convert tense/modal (tagged) place to 1st place; 1st place moves to extra FA place (fai).
lei ckiku cu jai nandu fai le nu ri se zva-fa'i .i va'i le nu zva-fa'i lei ckiku cu nandu — The keys are hard to find. In other words, to find the keys is difficult.
le'e bangu cu jai nandu .i le'e bangu cu jai nandu fai le nu cilre fi ri — Languages are difficult. Languages are difficult in learning things about them.
ko cusku le jai se djica be do — Say what you want.
do ro roi cusku su'o da poi nandu fa le nu jimpe fi ke'a — You always say something hard to understand.
x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process).
x1 is a/the foot [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lowest portion] (adjective:) x1 is pedal.
x1 (person/mass) wars against x2 over territory/matter x3; x1 is at war with x2.
x1 is a/the shoulder/hip/joint [body-part] attaching limb/extremity x2 to body x3.
x1 (agent) shows/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3.
x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3.
x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4.
x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka).
x1 is firm/hard/resistant/unyielding to force x2 under conditions x3.
c2 is a prayer of believer c1=l2 for deity c3 in medium c4 according to religion l3.
x1 (person) decides/makes decision x2 (du'u) about matter x3 (event/state).
x1 (experiencer) decreases/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by amount x3.
x1 is a quantity of jelly/semisolid [texture] of material/composition including x2.
logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought and.
do pu je ca je ba pendo mi — You were, are and will be my friend.
x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Moslem (Abrahamic) culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2.
scalar affirmer; denies scalar negation: Indeed!.
vocative: roger (ack) - negative acknowledge; used to acknowledge offers and thanks.
lu ki'e do li'u lu je'e do li'u — "Thank you!" "You are welcome!"
vocative: roger (ack) - negative acknowledge; I didn't hear you.
logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought conn question.
shift letterals to Hebrew alphabet.
discursive: truth - falsity.
discursive: truth - falsity.
abstractor: truth-value abstractor; x1 is truth value of [bridi] under epistemology x2.
x1 burns/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3.
logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought x but not y.
x1 chases/pursues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2.
x1 reflects Algerian culture/nationality in aspect x2.
x1 is a jet [expelled stream] of material x2 expelled from x3.
x1 (du'u) is true/truth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2.
x1 grasps/holds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2).
logical connective: sumti afterthought connective question.
x1 is near/close to/approximates x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni).
discursive: additionally.
mi ji'a je'a nelci — I like it too.
lo'e xagji cribe cu citka lo'e cinki ku ji'a sai — A hungry bear will eat even insects.
ji'a mi pu citka le'e titla — Additionally, I ate the sweet.
mi pu citka le titla ji'a — I ate what is additionally a sweet.
mi pu citka le ji'a titla — I eat the sweet among other things.
even
digit/number: approximately (default the typical value in this context) (number).
jicmu modal, 1st place (assumptions); given that ...; based on ...
x1 is a well/spring of fluid x2 at location x3.
x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4.
x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance).
logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if.
discursive: metalinguistic affirmer.
non-logical connective: union of sets.
join mathematical expression (mex) operands into an array.
shift letterals to Arabic alphabet.
non-logical connective: in common with; along with (unmixed).
non-logical connective: mixed conjunction; "and" meaning "mixed together", forming a mass.
x1 reflects Jordanian culture/nationality in aspect x2.
logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought whether-or-not.
x1 is a table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/base/pedestal x3.
evidential: I state - (default) elliptical/non-specific basis.
vocative: attention - at ease - ignore me.
attitudinal modifier: certainty - uncertainty - impossibility.
binary mathematical operator: number base; [a interpreted in the base b].
x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process).
x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2.
x1 reflects Chinese [Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, etc.] culture/nationality/language in aspect x2.
x1 is clock/watch/timer measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/method x4.
letteral for j.
abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [bridi].
ta'i ku do ba cirko le ka sinma ce'u — This way you will lose respect.
x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3.
x1 reflects Canadian culture/nationality in aspect x2.
klama modal, 1st place gone to by ...
modal aspect: innate capability; possibly unrealized.
ro da ka'e te tavla — Everything can be talked about.
digit/number: imaginary i; square root of -1.
evidential: I know by cultural means (myth or custom).
ckaji modal, 1st place characterizing ...
x1 is a shelf/counter/bar in/on/attached to supporting object x2, for purpose x3.
x1 is able to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state).
mi na kakne le nu sipna — I can't sleep.
x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is open/ajar/not shut permitting passage/access to x2 by x3.
x1=v2 is a tear/tear fluid of x2=v1.
x1 is blueness
x1 calculates/reckons/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4.
x1 is a/the eye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus]; (adjective:) x1 is ocular.
x1 is healthy/fit/well/in good health by standard x2.
x1 is with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state).
x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3
x1 comes/goes to x2 from x3 via route x4 using car x5
discursive: marks word serving as focus of indirect question: "I know WHO went to the store".
mi djuno le du'u ma kau darxi ba'e la .alis. — I know who hit Alice (not someone else).
x1 captures/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3.
start grouping of tanru, etc; ... type of ... ; overrides normal tanru left grouping.
pro-sumti: relativized sumti (object of relative clause).
elidable terminator: end of tanru left grouping override (usually elidable).
open interval bracket marker; modifies intervals in non-logical connectives; exclude boundaries.
vocative: please repeat.
discursive: repeating - continuing.
discursive: repeating - continuing.
elidable terminator: end abstraction bridi (often elidable).
x1 [agent] plays with plaything/toy x2.
x1 is x2 degree(s) Kelvin [metric unit] in temperature (default is 1) by standard x3.
x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering].
x1 reflects South American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2.
x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1.
tense/modal: set/use tense default; establishes new open scope space/time/modal reference base.
attitudinal question: confusion about something said.
digit/number: number comma; thousands.
krinu modal, 1st place (justified by) justifiably; because of reason ...
x1 is a thousand [1000; 103] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
x1 reflects Pakistani/Pashto culture/nationality/language in aspect x2.
x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5.
xu do klama fi la .nipon. — Are you from Japan?
le dargu cu se kruca lu'a le pu ve klama be le ractu — The road crossed what was the rabbit's track.
mi'a pu klama fu le ka se marce le bloti vau fo lu'a le lalxu fi le zdani fe le daplu — We sailed on the boat along the lake from the home to an island.
mi pu klama fi la .nipon. fu le ka se marce le vinji — I flew from Japan.
ra pu klama le nenri — He came in.
x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka).
pro-sumti: you (imperative); make it true for you, the listener.
ko kurji ko — Take care of yourself.
ko sisti — Stop it!
kukte ko — Enjoy your meal.
ko dasni le taxfu — Get dressed.
pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #1 (specified by goi).
pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #2 (specified by goi).
pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #3 (specified by goi).
pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #4 (specified by goi).
pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #5 (specified by goi).
x1 is a corner/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3.
x1 is an edge/margin/border/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3.
(adjective:) x1 is bent/crooked/not straight or direct/[twisted]/folded.
x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2.
x1 (site/event) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process).
x1 (body or body part) is hairless
x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1.
x1 believes [regardless of evidence/proof] belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3.
x1 (event/state) is a reason/justification/explanation for/causing/permitting x2 (event/state).
x1 cries out/yells/howls sound x2; x1 is a crier.
r1=k1 curtseys in front of r2.
x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of cream/emulsion/puree [consistency] of composition x2.
elidable terminator: end description, modal, or negator sumti; often elidable.
x1 is a quark with flavor x2.
x1 is curious/wonders about/is interested in/[inquisitive about] x2 (object/abstract).
non-logical connective: intersection of sets.
elidable terminator: end mathematical (mex) forethought (Polish) expression; often elidable.
discursive: however/but/in contrast.
elidable terminator: end NOI relative clause; always elidable, but preferred in complex clauses.
d1 is a building housing school c1 teaching subject c3 to audience c4.
x1 is a room of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u).
x1 [container] is empty/vacant of x2 [material]; x1 is hollow.
x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person).
letteral for k.
name descriptor: the one(s) called ... ; takes name or selbri description.
zo bruna cmene la .kevin. le pa pendo be mi — Brother is how friends call Kevin.
x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of milk from source x2; (adjective:) x1 is lactic/dairy.
discursive: probability - improbability.
la'a ti traji le ka misno — Probably, this is the most popular one.
ba'a ra ba zi mo'u zukte — He ought to finish soon.
discursive: most likely
the referent of (indirect pointer); uses the referent of a sumti as the desired sumti.
pro-sumti: the referent of the next utterance; the state to be describe: "WHAT was fun is ...".
pro-sumti: the referent of the last utterance; the state described: "IT was fun".
name descriptor: the set of those named ... ; takes name or selbri description.
delimited non-Lojban name; the resulting quote sumti is treated as a name.
klani modal, 1st place (amount) quantifying ...; being a quantity of ...
name descriptor: the mass of individual(s) named ... ; takes name or selbri description.
x1 is a sheep/[lamb/ewe/ram] of species/breed x2 of flock x3.
x1 shepherds flock x2 composed of sheep x3
x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3.
x1 reflects Latin/Roman/Romance culture/empire/language in aspect x2.
2-word letteral/shift: punctuation mark or special symbol follows.
non-veridical descriptor: the one(s) described as ...
mi pu viska le pa fetsi .i ri melbi — I saw a female. She is pretty.
le pa sazri ca denpa — A driver waits.
x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor).
bridi descriptor: that I describe as a proposition ...
description pro-sumti: reuses the value of the x1 of the previous bridi
klesi modal, 1st place (scalar set) in/of category ...
non-veridical descriptor: the stereotype of those described as ...
non-veridical descriptor: the set of those described as ..., treated as a set.
attitudinal modifier: aggressive - passive - defensive.
end quote of questionable or out-of-context text; not elidable.
non-veridical descriptor: the mass of individual(s) described as ...
property descriptor: that I describe as ...-ness
description pro-sumti: reuses the value of the x1 of the current bridi
x1 is cold/cool by standard x2.
specific event descriptor: contraction of {le nu} and identical in meaning.
x1 (event) is late by standard x2.
x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3.
v1 is a word which stands for the letter/digit/symbol v2=l1 in language v3.
idea descriptor: that I describe as a concept ...
the number/evaluated expression; convert number/operand/evaluated math expression to sumti.
li vo cu sumji li re li re — 4 is the sum of 2 and 2.
x1 reflects Libyan culture/nationality in aspect x2.
x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1.
abstractor: experience abstractor; x1 is x2's experience of [bridi] (participant or observer).
discursive: omitted text (quoted material).
elidable terminator: end grammatical quotation; seldom elidable except at end of text.
x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3.
g1 is a row (group) showing common property (ka) g2 due to set g3 linked by relations g4.
x1 is lightning/electrical arc/thunderbolt striking at/extending to x2 from x3.
x1 is a line/among lines [1-dimensional shape/form] defined by set of points x2.
x1 is a length of chain/links of material x2 with link properties x3.
x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4.
x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4.
x1 is liquid/fluid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3.
x1 travels/journeys/goes/moves via route x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a traveller.
descriptor: the one, which (is / does) ... / those, which (are / do) ...
x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u).
shift letterals to Lojban (Roman) alphabet.
veridical descriptor: the typical one(s) who really is(are) ...
veridical descriptor: the set of those that really are ..., treated as a set.
elidable terminator: end math express.(mex) sumti; end mex-to-sumti conversion; usually elidable.
start questionable/out-of-context quote; text should be Lojban words, but needn't be grammatical.
veridical descriptor: the mass of individual(s) that is(are) ...
Lojban.
Logical Language Group (LLG)
x1 is the Logical Language Group (LLG).
x1 reflects [Loglandic]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2.
mi lojbo le ka se cinri la .lojban. vau .i je mi na se bangu la .lojban. — I'm a Lojbanic person in that I'm interested in Lojban; I don't speak it.
x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2.
event descriptor: contraction of {lo nu} and identical in meaning.
start grammatical quotation; quoted text should be grammatical on its own.
mi pu cusku lu coi le pendo li'u — I said "Hello, friends!"
x1 reflects Lebanese culture/nationality in aspect x2.
letteral for a quotation
the members of the set/components of the mass; converts another description type to individuals.
the symbol for (indirect discourse); uses the symbol/word(s) for a sumti as the desired sumti.
the set with members; converts another description type to a set of the members.
the mass composed of; converts another description type to a mass composed of the members.
elidable terminator: end of sumti qualifiers; usually elidable except before a sumti.
x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4.
letteral for l.
pro-sumti: sumti question (what/who/how/why/etc.); appropriately fill in sumti blank.
do djica ma — What do you want?
ma prenu gi'e pu zvati ti — Who was here?
ma dacti gi'e pu zvati ti — What object was here?
x1 is execrable/deplorable/wretched/shitty/awful/rotten/miserable/contemptible/crappy/inferior/low-quality in property x2 by standard x3; x1 stinks/sucks in aspect x2 according to x3.
pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) & you the listener(s) & others unspecified.
manri modal, 1st place (by standard 2) in reference frame ...
convert letteral string or other mathematical expression (mex) operand to mex operator.
digit/number: plus sign; positive number; default any positive.
utterance ordinal suffix; converts a number to an ordinal, such as an item or paragraph number.
indirect question as in "I know WHO she was"
x1 is a mother of x2; x1 bears/mothers/acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological].
x1 feels wonder/awe/marvels about x2.
x1 is dark/lacking in illumination.
x1 fits/matches/suits/is compatible/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3.
x1 is material/stuff/matter of type/composition including x2 in shape/form x3.
x1 is slow/sluggish at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state).
x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2.
zmadu modal, 1st place (a greater) exceeded by ... ; usually a sumti modifier.
convert sumti to selbri/tanru element; x1 is specific to [sumti] in aspect x2.
ti me le titla vanju — This is an example of sweet wine.
xu do me le ctuca — Are you one of the teachers?
x1 is a million [106] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
mleca modal, 1st place (a lesser) undercut by ... ; usually a sumti modifier.
cmene modal, 1st place (requires quote) with name ...; so-called ...
digit/number: less than.
the mathematical expression (unevaluated); convert unevaluated mathematical expression to sumti.
elidable terminator: end sumti that was converted to selbri; usually elidable.
convert number to cardinality selbri; x1 is a mass formed from a set x2 of n members, one or more of which is/are x3, measured relative to the set x4.
x1 [quantifier/expression] is a mathematical expression interpreted under rules/convention x2.
x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4.
x1 reflects Malaysian/Malay culture/nationality/language in aspect x2.
x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2.
x1 is a sister of/sororal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological].
x1 pertains to USA/American culture/nationality/dialect in aspect x2.
x1 reflects Mexican culture/nationality in aspect x2.
pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s); identified by self-vocative.
mi gleki — I'm happy.
x1 is in/at the middle/center/midpoint/[is a focus] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is central.
pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) & others unspecified, but not you, the listener.
self vocative: self-introduction - denial of identity; identifies speaker.
non-logical interval connective: ordered components: ... center, ... range surrounding center.
pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) & you the listener(s).
discursive: ditto.
x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4.
x1 is a millionth [10-6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
x1 is a thousandth [1/1000; 10-3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
x1 is mild/non-extreme/gentle/middling/somewhat in property x2 (ka); x1 is not very x2.
x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur.
x1 is x2 (default 1) long local distance unit(s) [non-metric], x3 subunits, standard x4.
x1 is the same/identical thing as x2 by standard x3; (x1 and x2 interchangeable).
x1 reflects Egyptian culture/nationality in aspect x2.
x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2.
x1 is to the side of/lateral to x2 and facing x3 from point of view/in-frame-of-reference x4.
x1 is a cat/[puss/pussy/kitten] [feline animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is feline.
x1 is less than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount x4.
pro-bridi: bridi/selbri/brivla question.
do mo — How are you?
la .lojban. cu mo — What is Lojban?
digit/number: too few; subjective.
convert sumti to mex operand; sample use in story arithmetic: [3 apples] + [3 apples] = what.
mark motions in space-time.
higher-order utterance ordinal suffix; converts a number to ordinal, usually a section/chapter.
interval event contour: at the natural ending point of ...; completive | >|<.
convert number to ordinal selbri; x1 is (n)th member of set x2 ordered by rule x3.
s1 is a structure of parts s2 as a monument/memorial to m3.
x1 is a point/instant/moment [0-dimensional shape/form] in/on/at time/place x2.
x1 is x2 mole(s) [metric unit] in substance (default is 1) by standard x3.
x1 remembers/recalls/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3.
x1 reflects Moroccan culture/nationality in aspect x2.
x1 is dead/has ceased to be alive.
s1 is the grave/tomb of m1=s2.
digit/number: 5 (digit) [five].
discursive: for example - omitting - end examples.
discursive: for example - omitting - end examples.
abstractor: achievement (event) abstractor; x1 is the event-as-a-point/achievement of [bridi].
mukti modal, 1st place because of motive ...
vocative: over (response OK) - more to come.
x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3.
g1=m1 is a complete set showing common property (ka) g2, complete by standard m3.
x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3.
x1 is a curtain/blinds/drapes for covering/obscuring aperture x2, and made of material x3.
x1 pertains to the Islamic/Moslem/Koranic [Quranic] culture/religion/nation in aspect x2.
x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3.
ti mutce le ka kargu — This is very expensive.
mi mutce le ka senpi — I highly doubt that.
x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4.
letteral for m.
bridi contradictory negator; scope is an entire bridi; logically negates in some cmavo compounds.
na ku le speni be mi cu citno — It's not true that my wife is young.
cancel all letteral shifts.
contrary scalar negator: other than ...; not ...; a scale or set is implied.
na'e vajni mi — It's not important to me.
do ba na'e snada — You won't make it (won't succeed).
na'e bo mi pu zukte — Not I did it.
discursive: metalinguistic negator.
tense interval modifier: characteristically/typically; tense/modal; defaults as time tense.
convert selbri to mex operator; used to create less-used operators using fu'ivla, lujvo, etc.
x1 is approximately equal to x2.
attached to cmavo to negate them; various negation-related meanings.
.ui .i .ui nai — Yay! Alas!
logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought conditional/only if.
x1 is an orange of variety x2.
(adverbial) bridi contradictory negator; "it is not true that...."; negates the bridi as well as any other adverbial or quantifier located on its right.
x1 is a male teacher of sexuality to audience x2.
x1 (li) is a number/quantifier/digit/value/figure (noun); refers to the value and not the symbol.
x1 is a quantity of/contains bread [leavened or unleavened] made from grains x2.
x1 is a boy/lad [young male person] of age x2 immature by standard x3.
x1 is a man/men; x1 is a male humanoid person [not necessarily adult].
x1 is a billionth/thousand-millionth [10-9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
tense: refers to current space/time reference absolutely.
non-restrictive relative phrase marker: which incidentally is associated with ...
location tense relation/direction; approximating/next to ...
location tense relation/direction; within/inside of/into ...
pro-bridi: repeats the current bridi.
abstractor: quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [bridi] measured on scale x2.
x1 logically necessitates/entails/implies action/event/state x2 under rules/logic system x3.
x1 is a nighttime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at night/nocturnal.
location tense relation/direction; downwards/down from ...
convert selbri to mex operand; used to create new non-numerical quantifiers; e.g. "herd" of oxen.
nibli modal, 1st place logically; logically because ...
discursive: paragraph break; introduce new topic.
digit/number: minus sign; negative number); default any negative.
x1 is a quantity of citrus [fruit/tree, etc.] of species/strain x2.
x1 is a woman/women; x1 is a female humanoid person [not necessarily adult].
x1 needs/requires/is dependent on/[wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of process x3.
x1 is a girl [young female person] of age x2 immature by standard x3.
digit/number: 0 (digit) [zero].
x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2.
logically quantified sumti: nothing at all (unless restricted).
pro-bridi: repeats the bridi in which this one is embedded.
midpoint scalar negator: neutral point between je'a and to'e; "not really".
discursive: paragraph break; resume previous topic.
digit/number: typical/average value.
non-restrictive appositive phrase marker: which incidentally is the same thing as ...
non-restrictive relative clause; attaches subordinate bridi with incidental information.
mi tavla do noi mi prami ke'a — I'm talking to you whom I love.
t1=n1 is a regent/monarch of t2 by standard n2.
tense interval modifier: never; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense.
abstractor: generalized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [bridi].
la .alis. cu nitcu le nu su'o da bevri le birje le nei — Alice needs to be given beer.
mi gleki le nu do klama — I am happy that you came.
le nu prami cu nu gunka — Loving is working.
convert mathematical expression (mex) operator to a selbri/tanru component.
vocative: promise - promise release - un-promise.
start forethought termset construct; marks start of place structure set with logical connection.
modal aspect: can but has not; unrealized potential.
mi pu pu'o je nu'o pencu — I almost touched it.
elidable terminator: end forethought termset; usually elidable except with following sumti.
n1 is an event at which c1 eat(s) c2.
x1 (nu) is an event in which x2 teaches x3 facts x4 (du'u) about x5 by means x6; x1 is a lesson given by x2 to x3.
n1 is a passage where goer k1 comes/goes to destination k2 from origin k3 via route k4 using means/vehicle k5.
x1 (agent) promises/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim].
x1 reflects New Zealand culture/nationality/geography/dialect in aspect x2.
letteral for n.
logical connective: sumti afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if.
letteral for o.
attitudinal: closeness - distance.
attitudinal: patience - mere tolerance - anger.
attitudinal: relaxation - composure - stress.
attitudinal: complaint - pleasure.
attitudinal: complaint - pleasure.
logical connective: sumti afterthought exclusive or; Latin 'aut'.
digit/number: 1 (digit) [one].
pa smoka cu cpana le jubme — There is exactly one sock on the table.
x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens.
x1 is an evil spirit / demon
x1 is a part/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1.
x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4.
discursive: justice - prejudice.
discursive: justice - prejudice.
location tense relation/direction; transfixing/passing through ...
digit/number: pi (approximately 3.1416...); the constant defined by the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of all circles.
x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service bed] made of material x2.
discursive: first utterance ordinal.
quantified selbri: convert 1 to ordinal selbri; x1 is first among x2 ordered by rule x3.
x1 is an odor/fragrance/scent/smell emitted by x2 and detected by observer/sensor x3.
for the first time
number/quantity: 19 [nineteen].
p1=t1 complains verbally to p3=t2 about p2=t3 in language t4
discursive: optional question premarker.
discursive: unreal/rhetorical question follows.
restrictive relative phrase marker: which is associated with ...; loosest associative/possessive.
ti du le pa karce pe la .alis. — This is a car of my friend.
le pendo be mi cu jai fenki .i le pendo pe mi cu jai fenki — My friend is crazy.
ti me le karce pe mi — This is my car.
marks a construct as figurative (non-literal/metaphorical) speech/text.
marks the following connective as joining termsets.
evidential: I opine (subjective claim).
forethought flag for mathematical expression (mex) Polish (forethought) operator.
attitudinal: attitudinal question; how do you feel about it? with what intensity?.
.au pei mi kansa do — Do you want me to accompany you?
pei mi'o zvati le nu salci — What about going to the party?
x1 is paper from source x2.
x1 is a lemon of variety x2.
x1 is yellow/golden [color adjective].
x1 is/acts as a friend of/to x2 (experiencer); x2 befriends x1.
x1 meets/encounters x2 at/in location x3.
x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2.
x1 is 1015 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
x1 is a leaf of plant x2; x1 is foliage of x2.
digit/number: radix (number base) point; default decimal.
x1 is a trillionth [10-12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
n-ary mathematical operator: operands are vectors to be treated as matrix rows.
digit/number:separates digits for base >16, not current standard, or variable (e.g. time, date).
n-ary mathematical operator: times; multiplication operator; [(((a * b) * c) * ...)].
pilno modal, 1st place used by ...
non-logical connective: cross product; Cartesian product of sets.
x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3.
ra pu pilno le skami le nu facki le se nitcu — He used a computer to get the necessary information.
x1 is a/the feather/plume(s)/plumage [body-part] of animal/species x2.
x1 is flat/level/horizontal in gravity/frame of reference x2.
x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3.
number: all of.
number: almost all of.
number: a little of.
number: at least some of.
x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4.
x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5.
x1 (event/state) seems pleasant to/pleases x2 under conditions x3.
x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set).
restrictive relative phrase marker: which is specific to ...; normal possessive physical/legal.
restrictive relative phrase marker: which belongs to ... ; inalienable possession.
discursive: uniquely, only, solely: the only relevant case.
mi pu te vecnu le jisra ku po'o — I bought only some juice.
restrictive appositive phrase marker: which is the same thing as.
restrictive relative clause; attaches subordinate bridi with identifying information to a sumti.
x1 (force) folds/creases x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3.
x1 reflects Polynesian/Oceanian (geographic region) culture/nationality/languages in aspect x2.
x1 reflects Japanese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2.
x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3.
x1 [ordered set] is sequenced/ordered/listed by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3.
x1 reflects Portuguese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2.
x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3.
x1 is a person/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona.
le xo prenu ca zvati ti voi kumfa — How many people are in this room now?
x1 (quoted text) is a question/query about subject x2 by questioner x3 to audience x4.
x1 is wise/sage about matter x2 (abstraction) to observer x3.
x1 is a print/impression/image on/in surface x2 of/made by/using tool/press/implement/object x3.
x1 is to the right/right-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3.
time tense relation/direction: did [selbri]; before/prior to [sumti]; default past tense.
mi pu na ku viska le mlatu — I didn't see the cat.
mi pu prami le pa nanmu — I loved one man.
mi ba tavla do pu le nu do cliva — I will talk to you before you leave.
time tense: was going to; (tense/modal).
modal aspect: can and has; demonstrated potential.
interval event contour: in anticipation of ...; until ... ; inchoative ----| |.
abstractor: process (event) abstractor; x1 is process of [bridi] proceeding in stages x2.
x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2.
x1 (agent) puts/places/sets x2 on/at surface/locus x3.
x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter.
x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3.
letteral for p.
pro-sumti: a recent sumti before the last one, as determined by back-counting rules.
x1 is a rabbit/hare/[doe] of species/breed x2.
x1 is x2 radian(s) [metric unit] in angular measure (default is 1) by standard x3.
x1 is an affix/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4.
srana modal, 1st place pertained to by ... (generally more specific).
digit/number: repeating digits (of a decimal) follow.
krasi modal, 1st place from source/origin/starting point ...
flag GOhA to indicate pro-assignment context updating for all pro-assigns in referenced bridi.
discursive: chiefly - equally - incidentally.
discursive: chiefly - equally - incidentally.
discursive: chiefly - equally - incidentally.
traji modal, 1st place with superlative ...
x1 reflects Iraqi culture/nationality in aspect x2.
x1 (object/person/event/situation) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3.
x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka).
x1 (event/state) continues/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is continuous over x2.
x1 is natural/spontaneous/instinctive, not [consciously] caused by person(s).
x1 is a rat of species/breed x2.
digit/number: enough; subjective.
digit/number: 2 (digit) [two].
re cribe ca cpana le bisli — There are two bears on the ice.
vocative: ready to receive - not ready to receive.
vocative: ready to receive - not ready to receive.
location tense relation/direction; adjacent to/touching/contacting ...
converts number to an objectively quantified ordinal tense interval modifier; defaults to time.
discursive: second utterance ordinal.
quantified selbri: convert 2 to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with the pair of members x2.
x1 is a human/human being/man (non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is human.
for the second time ...
tense interval modifier: twice; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense.
c1=p3 asks/puts question c2=p1 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) of/to c3=p4 via expressive medium c4 about subject p2.
pro-sumti: the last sumti, as determined by back-counting rules.
x1 is rich/wealthy in goods/possessions/property/aspect x2.
x1 is repugnant to/causes disgust to x2 under conditions x3.
rinka modal, 1st place (phys./mental) causal because ...
attitudinal modifier: release of emotion - emotion restraint.
x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3.
x1 is a river of land mass x2, draining watershed x3 into x4/terminating at x4.
x1 is a/the heart [body-part] of x2; [emotional/shape metaphors are NOT culturally neutral].
digit/number: each, all.
ro mlatu cu danlu — Cats are animals.
le ro pendo be mi cu cusku le se du'u mi simlu le ka tatpi — All of my friends say that I look tired.
emotion category/modifier: social - antisocial.
emotion category/modifier: social - antisocial.
emotion category/modifier: mental - mindless.
emotion category/modifier: physical - denying physical.
emotion category/modifier: sexual - sexual abstinence.
converts number to an objectively quantified tense interval modifier; defaults to time tense.
discursive utterance ordinal: finally; last utterance ordinal.
x1 reflects European culture/nationality/geography/Indo-European languages in aspect x2.
pro-sumti: a remote past sumti, before all other in-use backcounting sumti.
x1 is weak/feeble/frail in property/quality/aspect x2 (ka) by standard x3.
evidential: I postulate.
attitudinal: weak intensity attitude modifier.
.ui ru'e do snada — Yay, you won.
tense interval modifier: continuously; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense.
tense interval modifier: occasional/intermittent/discontinuous; defaults as time tense.
shift letterals to Cyrillic alphabet.
location tense relation/direction; surrounding/annular ...
x1 reflects Russian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2.
x1 is a cherry of species x2.
letteral for r.
erase complete or partial utterance; next word shows how much erasing to do.
x1 reflects Saudi Arabian culture/nationality in aspect x2.
discursive: material inserted by editor/narrator (bracketed text).
discursive: precisely speaking - loosely speaking.
n-ary mathematical operator: operands are vectors to be treated as matrix columns.
discursive: simply - elaborating.
attitudinal: moderate intensity attitude modifier.
.ui sai do snada — Yay, you won!
x1 slides/slips/glides on x2.
x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3.
x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3.
x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3.
x1 is simple/unmixed/uncomplicated in property x2 (ka).
x1 is sound produced/emitted by x2.
x1 sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3.
x1 is conscious/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/abstract).
x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3.
x1 (mass) is a meal composed of dishes including x2.
x1 (mass of facts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3.
x1 is a noise/din/clamor [sensory input without useful information] to x2 via sensory channel x3.
2nd conversion; switch 1st/2nd places.
mi se slabu le ctuca .i va'i le ctuca cu slabu mi — I am familiar with the teacher. In other words, the teacher is familiar to me.
basti modal, 2nd place instead of ...
compound abstractor: sentence/equation abstract; x1 is text expressing [bridi] which is x2.
attitudinal modifier: self-sufficiency - dependency.
following digits code a character (in ASCII, Unicode, etc.).
attitudinal modifier: self-oriented - other-oriented.
evidential: I know by internal experience (dream, vision, or personal revelation).
elidable terminator: end discursive bridi or mathematical precedence;usually elidable.
start discursive (metalinguistic) bridi.
sei mi morji do ctuca — As I remember, you are a teacher.
sei mi bebna le zarci cu se stuzi le drata — Silly me, the store is in another place.
jalge modal, 2nd place (event causal) results because of ...
therefore, resultingly
klama modal, 2nd place with destination ...
klani modal, 2nd place in quantity ...; measured as ...
x2=b1 (du'u) is a predicate relationship with relation x1=b2 among arguments x3=b3 (ordered set).
To destination x1 does x2 go from x3 via route x4 by means x5.
x1 is the class of structure word x2, which means or has function x3 in language x4.
c2 is said by c1 to audience c3 via expressive medium c4.
x1 is the modifying part of binary metaphor x2 with modified part/modificand x3 giving meaning x4 in usage/instance x5
x1 is a suggestion made by x2 to audience x3
f1=s2 is a bill specifying f2 (state/event) for community f3 under conditions f4, proposed/drafted by s1.
zmadu modal, 2nd place (relative!) more than ...; usually a sumti modifier.
mleca modal, 2nd place (relative!) less than ...; usually a sumti modifier.
x1 reflects Semitic [metaphor: Middle-Eastern] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2.
that is the motive for the event ...
x1 dreams about/that x2 (fact/idea/event/state); x2 is a dream/reverie of x1.
pilno modal, 2nd place (instrumental) tool/machine/apparatus/acting entity; using (tool) ...
rinka modal, 2nd place (phys./mental) causal therefore ...
x1 are stairs/stairway/steps for climbing structure x2 with steps x3.
x1 is a sofa/couch (noun).
erase the last Lojban word, treating non-Lojban text as a single word.
.au mi citka le pa plise si perli — I'd like to eat an apple, no, pear!
x1 [sound source] whistles/makes whistling sound/note/tone/melody x2.
x1 helps/assists/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3.
discursive: similarly.
convert number to portion selbri; x1 is an (n)th portion of mass/totality x2; (cf. gunma).
abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [bridi].
x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4.
x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2.
le skapi be ra pu simsa le snime le ka blabi — Her skin was white as snow.
mi simsa le'e cipni le ka zifre — I am free as a bird.
x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]).
x1 is a snake/serpent of species/breed x2.
x1 is the trigonometric sine of angle/arcsine x2.
x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3.
x1 is asleep (adjective); x1 sleeps/is sleeping.
x1 is straight/direct/line segment/interval between x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear.
x1 reflects Syrian culture/nationality in aspect x2.
x1 [agent] ceases/stops/halts/ends activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it].
x1 is/appears to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4.
x1 tells about/describes x2 (object/event/state) to audience x3 with description x4 (property).
x1 reflects Gaelic/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2.
x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4.
x1 is a syllable in language x2.
x1 is solid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3.
x1 reflects Slavic language/culture/ethos in aspect x2.
x1 is a mouse of species/breed x2.
d1 and d2=s2 are antonyms of each other.
x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted by x3.
x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3.
x1 reflects Russian empire/USSR/ex-USSR (Soviet]/CIS culture/nationality in aspect x2.
digit/number: almost all (digit/number).
digit/number: most.
digit/number: many.
quantified selbri: convert many to cardinal; x1 is a set with many members x2 of total set x3.
digit/number: several.
digit/number: few.
discursive: reciprocal sumti marker; indicates a reciprocal relationship between sumti.
x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of gold (Au); [metaphor: valuable, heavy, non-reactive].
x1 is the sun of home planet x2 (default Earth) of race x3; (adjective:) x1 is solar.
x1 is a sunflower of species/variety x2.
x1 is a soldier/warrior/fighter of army x2.
x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2.
x1 - is spaghetti made out of/containing x2.
x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2.
x1 reflects Spanish-speaking culture/nationality/language in aspect x2.
x1 is a plant/herb/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2.
x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3.
x1 gives reply/answer/responds with x2 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) to x3 via expressive medium x4, about subject x5.
x1 is vertical/upright/erect/plumb/oriented straight up and down in reference frame/gravity x2.
x1 [abrasive/cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2.
x1 reflects Australian culture/nationality/geography/dialect in aspect x2.
x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2.
do .e'o ciska le srana be le se lifri be do — Please write about your experience.
xu le nu do litru cu srana le jibri be do — Is your journey related to your job?
x1 reflects Sanskrit language/Sanskritic/Vedic culture/nationality in aspect x2.
x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3.
x1 remains/stays at/abides/lasts with x2.
x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set).
x1 is a/the head [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: uppermost portion].
x1 is a lock/seal of/on/for sealing x2 with/by locking mechanism x3.
x1 is x2 steradian(s) [metric unit] in solid angle (default is 1) by standard x3.
x1 (agent) suggests/proposes idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/among x3.
x1 is a structure/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity].
x1 is an inherent/inalienable site/place/position/situation/spot/location of x2 (object/event).
erase to start of discourse or text; drop subject or start over.
x1 is dry of liquid x2; (adjective:) x1 is arid.
x1 is hay of species x2
evidential: I generalize - I particularize; discursive: abstractly - concretely.
evidential: I generalize - I particularize; discursive: abstractly - concretely.
digit/number: at most (all); no more than.
n-ary mathematical operator: plus; addition operator; [(((a + b) + c) + ...)].
digit/number: at least (some); no less than.
su'o ci prenu pu cliva le dinju — At least three people left the building.
at least once ...
abstractor: generalized abstractor (how); x1 is [bridi] as a non-specific abstraction of type x2.
x1 (event/state) is sudden/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3.
x1 is a/the argument of predicate/function x2 filling place x3 (kind/number).
j1 is the longitude/right ascension of j2 in system j3
x1 is fast/swift/quick/hastes/rapid at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state).
letteral for s.
pro-sumti: that there; nearby demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near listener.
x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3.
x1 is snug/tight on x2 in dimension/direction x3 at locus x4.
tense interval modifier: habitually; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense.
habitually
tadji modal, 1st place (in manner 3) methodically; by method ...
discursive: by the way - returning to main point.
discursive: by the way - returning to main point.
discursive: expanding the tanru - making a tanru.
discursive: making a tanru - expanding the tanru.
tamsmi modal, 1st place (like)/(in manner 2) resembling ...; sharing ideal form ...
d1 is/are geometrically similar/has the same shape as d2.
x1 has form x2, similar in form to x3 in property/quality x4.
x1 is the trigonometric tangent of angle/arctangent x2.
x1 is a binary metaphor formed with x2 modifying x3, giving meaning x4 in usage/instance x5.
x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract).
x1 is tired/fatigued by effort/situation x2 (event); x1 needs/wants rest.
2-word letteral/shift: change case for next letteral only.
x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4.
ko smaji ca le nu mi tavla la .alis. fo la .lojban. fi le nu prami — Keep silence when I'm talking to Alice in Lojban about love.
x1 is a town/city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4.
x1 [agent] reads x2 [text] from surface/document/reading material x3; x1 is a reader.
mi mo'u tcidu le se ciska le bitmu — I have read what is written on the wall.
x1 [hours, minutes, seconds] is the time/hour of state/event x2 on day x3 at location x4.
x1 is a label/tag of x2 showing information x3.
3rd conversion; switch 1st/3rd places.
mi pu te vecnu le karce le pendo be mi .i va'i le pendo be mi pu vecnu le karce mi — I bought a car from my friend. In other words, my friend sold a car to me.
ciste modal, 3rd place of system components ...
binary mathematical operator: to the power; exponential; [a to the b power].
digit/number: exponential e (approx 2.71828...).
elidable terminator: end conversion between non-mex and mex; usually elidable.
composite letteral follows; used for multi-character letterals.
klama modal, 3rd place with origin ...
x3=b1 is ill/sick/diseased with symptoms x2=b2 from disease x1=b3.
x1 is the Earth/the home planet of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/earthbound.
x1 is a light source which illuminates x2 with light x3.
x1 is a trap/restraint with x2 being captured/restrained by x3 (object/event).
x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object).
x1 is the modified part/modificand of binary metaphor x2 with modifying part x3, giving meaning x4 in usage/instance x5
x1 is a trillion [1012] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
zukte modal, 3rd place purposefully; (as an action) with goal ...
pro-sumti: this here; immediate demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near speaker.
evidential: I hear (hearsay).
mathematical expression (mex) operator precedence (discursive).
t1=c2 is a shade/blind for blocking light coming from/through c3
t1=j1 listens to/pays attention to sound t2=j2 with ambient background t3.
x1 hears x2 against background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural.
x1 is a tiger/leopard/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3.
x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1.
left parenthesis; start of parenthetical note which must be grammatical Lojban text.
lei verba to lei rirni pu zvati le zarci toi pu klama le bartu — The children (the parents were at the store) went outside.
lower-case letteral shift.
polar opposite scalar negator.
open editorial unquote (within a quote); contains grammatical text; mark with editorial insert.
remarks within {to'isa'a} ... {toi} inside quotations are implicitly by someone else (other than the speaker of the quotation), perhaps an editor
location tense relation/direction; departing from/directly away from ...
discursive: in brief - in detail.
elidable terminator: right parenthesis/end unquote; seldom elidable except at end of text.
c1 materializes/suddenly appears at location c2 according to senses/sensor c3.
x1 is ugly to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4.
p1 picks-up, picks up p2 from surface p3
x1 is a coward in activity x2 (event) by standard x3.
x1 is short in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3.
x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4.
x1 is a tree of species/cultivar x2.
x1 is posterior/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3.
x1 tries/attempts/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3.
mi ba troci le ka cpare le tricu — I will try to climb the tree.
x1 is strong/powerful/[tough] in property/quality x2 (ka) by standard x3.
pro-sumti: that yonder; distant demonstrative it; indicated thing far from speaker&listener.
x1 is a length of tubing/pipe/hollow cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of material x3.
x1 [person] agrees with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4.
extracts a concrete sumti from an unspecified abstraction; equivalent to le nu/su'u [sumti] co'e.
mi djica tu'a le pa plise — I want an apple. I want something to happen with an apple (maybe, I want to eat it).
start of multiple utterance scope; used for logical/non-logical/ordinal joining of sentences.
null operand (used in unary mekso operations).
elidable terminator: end multiple utterance scope; seldom elidable.
x1 is a parcel/expanse of land at location x2; x1 is terrain.
x1 (object, usually pointed) pokes/jabs/stabs/prods x2 (experiencer).
x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting branch].
letteral for t.
logical connective: sumti afterthought whether-or-not.
attitudinal: discovery - confusion/searching.
attitudinal: discovery - confusion/searching.
letteral for u.
attitudinal: surprise - not really surprised - expectation.
attitudinal: "Wow! Wow!"; strong surprise
attitudinal: gain - loss.
attitudinal: wonder - commonplace.
attitudinal: courage - timidity - cowardice.
attitudinal: repentance - lack of regret - innocence.
attitudinal: repentance - lack of regret - innocence.
attitudinal: happiness - unhappiness.
attitudinal: happiness - unhappiness.
attitudinal: "Yay!"; strong happiness
attitudinal: empathetic description of someone else's strong happiness
attitudinal: completion - incompleteness.
attitudinal: pity - cruelty.
location tense distance: near to ... ; there at ...; a medium/small distance from ...
x1 is a quantity of air/normally-gaseous atmosphere of planet x2, of composition including x3.
unary mathematical operator: additive inverse; [- a].
convert number to scalar selbri; x1 is at (n)th position on scale x2.
mi pu so'u va'e le ka pencu — I barely touched it.
discursive: in other words - in the same words.
discursive: in other words - in the same words.
vanbi modal, 1st place (conditions 1) under conditions ...; in environment ...
xamgu modal, 1st place beneficiary case tag complement benefiting from ...
x1 (object/event) is important/significant to x2 (person/event) in aspect/for reason x3 (nu/ka).
x1 is a word meaning/causing x2 in language x3; (adjective: x1 is lexical/verbal).
x1 is an evening [from end-of-work until sleep typical for locale] of day x2 at location x3.
x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2.
elidable: end of sumti in simple bridi; in compound bridi, separates common trailing sumti.
mi jinga vau .ui — I won, yay!
4th conversion; switch 1st/4th places.
x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x3 for amount/cost/expense x4.
location tense interval: a small/medium region of space.
location tense interval: the whole of space.
right mathematical bracket.
left mathematical bracket.
klama modal, 4th place via route ...
x1 is a metaphor [of affix compound] with meaning [of affix compound] x2 with argument [of affix compound] x3 with affix compound x4; x1 is the tanru/metaphor construct of complex word/affix compound/lujvo x4
zmadu modal, 4th place (relative!) more than/exceeding by amount ...
mleca modal, 4th place (relative!) less than by amount ...
x1 is spring/springtime [warming season] of year x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is vernal.
x1 is a child/kid/juvenile [a young person] of age x2, immature by standard x3.
location tense distance: here at ... ; at or a very short/tiny distance from ...
dimensionality of space interval tense: 2-space interval; throughout an area.
dimensionality of space interval tense: 4-space interval; throughout a spacetime.
dimensionality of space interval tense: 1-space interval; along a line.
dimensionality of space interval tense: 3-space interval; throughout a space.
x1 [body] excretes waste x2 from source x3 via means/route x4.
x1 is poisonous/venomous/toxic/a toxin to x2.
x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3.
x1 is brave/valiant/courageous in activity x2 (event) by standard x3.
x1 sees/views/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3.
x1 has the power to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3.
le mamta be mi ku po'o cu vlipa le nu mi cliva — Only my mother has power to make me leave.
digit/number: 4 (digit) [four].
x1 flies [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x2.
pro-sumti: repeats 1st place of main bridi of this sentence.
pro-sumti: repeats 2nd place of main bridi of this sentence.
pro-sumti: repeats 3rd place of main bridi of this sentence.
pro-sumti: repeats 4th place of main bridi of this sentence.
pro-sumti: repeats 5th place of main bridi of this sentence.
non-veridical restrictive clause used to form complicated le-like descriptions using "ke'a".
x1 is a doorway/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4.
x1 is a record of x2 (data/facts/du'u) about x3 (object/event) preserved in medium x4.
x1 (ka) is a taste/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/like x1.
location tense distance: far from ... ; yonder at ... ; a long distance from ...
attitudinal modifier: virtue - sin.
sumti qualifier: the sequence made from set or composed of elements/components; order is vague.
joins relative clause/phrase to complete complex or logically connected sumti in afterthought.
n-ary mathematical operator: minus; subtraction operator; [(((a - b) - c) - ...)].
x1 reflects Ukrainian language/culture/nationality in aspect x2.
letteral for v.
x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2.
xa1=z1 is better than z2 for xa2 by standard xa3, by amount z4.
t1=x1 is the best among set/range t4 for x2 by standard x3.
x1 is funny/comical to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to x2.
x1 uses levity/is non-serious/frivolous about x2 (abstraction).
x1 (object/event) is good/beneficial/nice/[acceptable] for x2 by standard x3.
le'e plise cu xamgu le nu kanro .i ji'a le'e plise cu kukte — Apples are good for your health. And, in addition, they taste great.
x1 is x2 ampere(s) [metric unit] in current (default is 1) by standard x3.
x1 is a sea/ocean/gulf/[atmosphere] of planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine.
x1 is a/the hand [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: manipulating tool, waldo].
x1 is nervous/anxious about x2 (abstraction) under conditions x3.
x1 [concept] exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2.
x1 is an elephant of species/breed x2.
x1 is a weapon/arms for use against x2 by x3.
x1 is 10-18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
x1 reflects Asiatic culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2.
5th conversion; switch 1st/5th places.
x1 reflects Hebrew/Jewish/Israeli culture/nationality/language in aspect x2.
x1 is a hundred [100; 102] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
klama modal, 5th place by transport mode ...
x1 is black/extremely dark-colored [color adjective].
x1 reflects Greek/Hellenic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2.
x1 is 1018 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
subscript; attaches a number of letteral string following as a subscript onto grammar structures.
x1 reflects Hindi language/culture/religion in aspect x2.
x1 is a mountain zebra (scientific term: “Equus zebra”).
x1 reflects Hispano-American culture/nationalities in aspect x2.
digit/number: number/digit/lerfu question.
number/digit/lerfu indirect question; "how many" in indirect questions like in "I know HOW MANY of them came"
x1 reflects Arabic-speaking culture/nationality in aspect x2.
x1 (event) injures/harms/damages victim x2 in property x3 (ka) resulting in injury x4 (state).
x1 pertains to the Christian religion/culture/nationality in aspect x2.
x1 is a turkey [food/bird] of species/breed x2.
x1 is a/the flower/blossom/bloom [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral.
discursive: true-false question.
xu do pu djuno — Did you know?
b1=x1 is pink.
x1 is red/crimson/ruddy [color adjective].
x1 reflects Urdu language/culture/nationality in aspect x2.
letteral for x.
time tense distance: medium distance in time.
x1 is favorable/great/superb/fabulous/dandy/outstanding/swell/admirable/nice/commendable/delightful/desirable/enjoyable/laudable/likable/lovable/wonderful/praiseworthy/high-quality/cool in property x2 by standard x3; x1 rocks in aspect x2 according to x3
xu zabna fa le nu da'i mi skicu le pu zi se zukte be mi la .alis. — I wonder if I should tell Alice what I just did.
evidential: I observe.
.oi nai za'a melbi tcima — Oh, what a nice weather.
za'a cladu bu'u le bartu — I can hear the loud sound outside.
ja'o carmi carvi — So it must be raining heavily.
forethought nonce-word indicator; indicates next word is nonce-creation and may be nonstandard.
abstractor: state (event) abstractor; x1 is continuous state of [bridi] being true.
interval event contour: continuing too long after natural end of ...; superfective | ---->.
digit/number: greater than.
le za'u sazri ca denpa — The drivers wait.
again; in addition to the first time; for the "more"-th time
2-word letteral/shift: alternate alphabet selector follows.
x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3.
x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3.
x1 is a nest/house/lair/den/[home] of/for x2.
time tense interval: a medium length of time.
time tense interval: the whole of time.
time tense interval: an instantaneous/tiny/short amount of time.
location tense relation/direction; beyond/outward/receding from ...
joins preceding and following words into a lujvo.
x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/augmented in property/quantity x2 by amount x3.
x1 is 10-21 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
l1 steals l2 from l3, which is a crime according to z2.
x1 trespasses (illegally enters) into x2, which is a crime according to x3
x1 is 1021 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units).
x1 observes/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4.
time tense distance: instantaneous-to-short distance in time.
x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3.
joins relative clauses which apply to the same sumti.
pro-sumti: fills a sumti place, deleting it from selbri place structure;changes selbri semantics.
x1 exceeds/is more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4.
quote next word only; quotes a single Lojban word (not a cmavo compound or tanru).
zo rozgu cmene mi — "Rose" is my name.
pro-sumti: an elliptical/unspecified value; has some value which makes bridi true.
zo'e carvi — It's raining.
mi ca'o tavla zo'e la .lojban. — I'm talking about Lojban.
location tense relation/direction; nearer than .../inward/approaching from ...
attitudinal modifier: humorously - dully - seriously.
zo'o pei — Are you kidding?
.e'u zo'o renro la .kevin. ti voi kevna — Let's throw Kevin into this hole (kidding ...).
mi kakne le ka plipe fi le ve'i cmana vau zo'o cu'i — I might be able to jump from the hill.
zo'o nai gau do fanza — Seriously, you are annoying.
marks end of logical prenex quantifiers/topic identification and start of sentence bridi.
lo'e danlu zo'u mi nelci lo'e mlatu — As for animals, I like cats.
delimited non-Lojban quotation; the result treated as a block of text.
location tense relation/direction; leftwards/to the left of ...
zukte modal, 1st place (purposed agent) with goal-seeking actor ...
pro-sumti: the typical sumti value for this place in this relationship; affects truth value.
abstractor: activity (event) abstractor; x1 is abstract activity of [bridi] composed of x2.
discursive: on the one hand - on the other hand.
x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3.
j1=z1 is/are the left foot/feet of j2=z2.
x1 is to the left/left-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3.
x1 sits [assumes sitting position] on surface x2.
x1=facki1 finds/locates x2=zvati1=facki3 (object) at x3=zvati2 (event/location)
x1 (object/event) is at/attending/present at x2 (event/location).
letteral for z.